【LeetCode】0006. ZigZag Conversion

The string "PAYPALISHIRING" is written in a zigzag pattern on a given number of rows like this: (you may want to display this pattern in a fixed font for better legibility)

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P   A   H   N
A P L S I I G
Y   I   R

And then read line by line: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"

Write the code that will take a string and make this conversion given a number of rows:

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string convert(string s, int numRows);

Example 1:

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Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 3
Output: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"

Example 2:

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Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 4
Output: "PINALSIGYAHRPI"
Explanation:

P     I    N
A   L S  I G
Y A   H R
P     I


Related Topics: String

解題邏輯與實作

基本上這題就是在找規律,有點麻煩的說…

用一個比較好說明的例子,在找規律的時候,我先觀察了直行的部分:

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numRows(n) = 5

row0:  0     8         16       24
row1:  1   7 9      15 17     23
row2:  2  6  10   14   18   22
row3:  3 5   11 13     19 21
row4:  4     12        20 


取出各個 row ,直行的部分,會發現它們都是等差數列,其差值可表示為 $2\ast(n-1)$

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row0:  0, 8,  16
row1:  1, 9,  17
row2:  2, 10, 18
row3:  3, 11, 19
row4:  4, 12, 20 


另外可以發現,除了第一列與最後一列(row = 0 與 n-1)外,其他列在兩個直行之間會在多輸出一個字元,將這個字元與前一個字元合併用 pair 表示,每一個 pair 都是一個等差,其差值可表示為 $2\ast(n-1-i)$,其中 $i = 1, … n-2$。

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row1:  (1,7), (9,15),  (17,23)
row2:  (2,6), (10,14), (18,22)
row3:  (3,5), (11,13), (19,21)


此外,需要稍微注意一下corner case,為了簡單起見,我將 numRows 小於等於 1,以及 numRows 大於等於 s 的長度的 case,做了特別判斷,直接將輸入的 s 回傳回去。

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class Solution:
  def convert(self, s, numRows):
    if numRows<=1 or numRows >= len(s):
      return s

    result = ""
		
    len_s = len(s)
    max_row_number = numRows-1
    skip_mid_check = False
    for i in range(numRows):
      skip_mid_check = i == 0 or i == numRows-1
      for n in range(i, len_s, 2 * max_row_number):
        result += s[n]
        if not skip_mid_check:
          next_idx = n + 2 * (max_row_number-i)
          if next_idx < len_s:
            result += s[next_idx]
    return result

其他連結

  1. 【LeetCode】0000. 解題目錄